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\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0633”<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n “Cette forme de \u00ab constitutionnalisation internationale \u00bb repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 bien des \u00e9gards le prolongement du constitutionnalisme que nous connaissons au niveau national. Certes, la port\u00e9e de ces r\u00e8gles sup\u00e9rieures varie : au niveau international, on s\u2019efforce de r\u00e9glementer tant les relations entre \u00c9tats que les rapports entre gouvernants et gouvern\u00e9s. Et l\u2019on sait que l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 des normes internationales est loin d\u2019atteindre celle des r\u00e8gles nationales. Ces diff\u00e9rences ne doivent toutefois pas occulter la communaut\u00e9 de pens\u00e9e que l\u2019on trouve \u00e0 la base de ces deux formes de constitutionnalisme. Dans un cas comme dans l\u2019autre, l\u2019objectif est le m\u00eame : combattre l\u2019absolutisme et l\u2019arbitraire en soumettant les actes des gouvernants \u00e0 l\u2019empire du droit”. (rule of law, Rechstaat)[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a “\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631”<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629”<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0651 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 ( \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b ) \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0651 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b ).<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u063a”<\/strong>:<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Post-constitutional means just this: Constitutionalism is that practice of a constitutional culture where limits on the authority of actors with power are enforced in the name of constitutional principle. In the United States, this enforcement is by a court, and here a court\u2019s willingness, or eagerness, to act as a constitutional check turns in large part upon the extent to which the court can appear merely to be executing the constitution\u2019s command. Clarity, simplicity, and directness in a constitution translate into vigor. Constitutionalism in this sense requires a certain sort of vigor. Post-constitutionalism has lost this. When constitutional commands don\u2019t appear clear, or when they rest transparently upon contested, heated, nonlegal debate, courts are more reluctant. They are reluctant to resolve disputes in these contested domains, because resolution of matters of contest seems within the domain of the democratic branches. The effect of the contest then is to shift questions from constitutional control to political control, from constitutionalism to democracy”[6]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642<\/strong>. “\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (Le Droit)<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639”[16]<\/span><\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 “\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0647”<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644:
\n<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n
\n\u00a0\u00a0 “Le Droit, c’est un ensemble de r\u00e8gles de conduite, qui, dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9e et plus ou moins organis\u00e9e, r\u00e9gissent des rapports entre les hommes. Les “droits”, ce sont les pr\u00e9rogatives que le “Droit”- ou Droit\u00a0\u00a0 objectif – reconna\u00eet \u00e0 un individu ou \u00e0 un groupe d’individus”[17]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n